Case Study

Building Production-Grade Multi-Agent AI Systems with LangGraph

How we built an AI-native technical assessment platform with 8 specialized agents, real-time adaptive difficulty, and comprehensive evaluation using LangGraph 1.0 and LangChain.

Client: InterviewLM

Duration: 12 weeks

January 2026

LangGraph 1.0LangChainLangSmithPythonTypeScriptGCP Cloud RunTerraformPostgreSQLRedisClaude Sonnet 4.5

Key Results

Agents Deployed

8

Specialized agents

Concurrent Sessions

100+

Supported

Response Latency

<2s

p99 latency

Cost Optimization

40%

Via prompt caching

Evaluation Accuracy

4D

Scoring with evidence

Cost Per Session

$1.50

Average

Executive Summary

InterviewLM is an AI-native technical assessment platform that evaluates candidates' ability to use modern AI coding tools (like Claude Code) in realistic development environments. This case study documents our implementation of a production-grade multi-agent system using LangGraph 1.0 and LangChain to power real-time AI-assisted technical interviews with adaptive difficulty and comprehensive evaluation.

Business Challenge

Traditional technical interviews fail to assess how candidates work with AI coding assistants in realistic scenarios. InterviewLM needed to:

  • Provide AI-assisted coding environments where candidates can use Claude Code naturally

  • Adapt difficulty in real-time based on candidate performance (Item Response Theory)

  • Evaluate holistically across code quality, problem-solving, AI collaboration, and communication

  • Scale cost-effectively for high-volume enterprise hiring

Why LangGraph?

StateGraph Primitives

Type-safe, reproducible state management

Native Checkpointing

Conversation persistence and recovery

Conditional Routing

Dynamic multi-agent orchestration

Streaming Support

Real-time user experience

Multi-Agent Architecture

We implemented a hierarchical orchestrator-worker pattern with 8 specialized agents:

Session Orchestrator

Supervisor Agent

Coding Agent

Candidate-facing

Interview Agent

Background

Evaluation Agent

Post-session

Question Gen

Dynamic

IRT Algorithm

Adaptive Difficulty

4-Dimension Scoring

Evidence-based

Modal Sandbox Runtime

Secure code execution environment

Agent Responsibilities

AgentTypePurpose
Coding AgentCandidate-facingReAct agent helping candidates write code with configurable helpfulness levels
Interview AgentBackgroundIRT-based state machine tracking performance, adapting difficulty (hidden from candidates)
Evaluation AgentPost-sessionEvidence-based scoring across 4 dimensions with agentic data discovery
Fast Progression AgentReal-timeSpeed-optimized (20-40s) gate check for question advancement
Comprehensive AgentQuality-focusedDeep evaluation (3-5 min) for hiring manager reports
Question Generation AgentDynamicLLM-powered question variant generation with difficulty targeting
Question Evaluation AgentAnalysisPer-question solution assessment
Supervisor AgentOrchestratorCoordinates handoffs between specialized agents

Middleware Pipeline Architecture

We designed a composable middleware stack with 15 layers that intercept requests before and after model execution:

Request

Before Middleware

Prompt Caching

Model Selection

Turn Guidance

Model Execution

After Middleware

State Extraction

Checkpointing

Persistence

Response

Three-Tier Caching Strategy

We implemented Anthropic's prompt caching with three fixed breakpoints for predictable cache behavior:

Tier 1

System Prompt

~15K tokens

100% Cache Rate

Tier 2

Tool Definitions

~5K tokens

100% Cache Rate

Tier 3

Message Context

~2K tokens

100% Cache Rate

Result: 40% reduction in token costs for long conversations

Item Response Theory (IRT) Implementation

The Interview Agent implements psychometrically valid adaptive testing that converges to accurate ability estimates:

Question Result

Correct/Incorrect

P = 1 / (1 + e-(θ - b))

θ = ability estimate, b = difficulty

Updated θ

New difficulty target

-3 to +3

Theta Range

5-10

Questions to Converge

1-10

Difficulty Scale

5-Layer Agent Isolation

The Interview Agent must never leak evaluation data to candidates. We implemented 5 isolation layers:

Network Layer

API Filtering

Context Isolation

Tool Access

Audit Logging

Infrastructure Decisions

ComponentChoiceRationale
HostingGCP Cloud RunAuto-scaling, VPC integration, IAM auth
DatabaseCloud SQL (PostgreSQL)Checkpointer storage, state persistence
CachingMemorystore (Redis)Session state, metrics caching
SecretsSecret ManagerAPI keys, credentials
ObservabilityLangSmith + SentryTracing, error monitoring

Results & Business Impact

MetricBeforeAfterImprovement
Cold start latency8-12s2-3s70% faster
Token costs per session$2.50$1.5040% reduction
Max context utilization60%95%Better conversations
Evaluation accuracyN/A4-dimension scoringComprehensive
  • Scalability: 100+ concurrent interview sessions supported

  • Cost Efficiency: $1.50 average cost per assessment

  • Candidate Experience: Real-time AI assistance with streaming responses

  • Evaluation Quality: Evidence-based scoring with bias detection

  • Deployment Velocity: Infrastructure-as-code with CI/CD

Key Takeaways

LangGraph Best Practices

  • Use TypedDict state schemas for type safety

  • Middleware for cross-cutting concerns

  • Deterministic thread IDs (UUIDv5)

  • State machine agents when no LLM needed

  • Parallel tool calls for latency reduction

Cost Optimization

  • Prompt caching is transformative (40% savings)

  • Model tiering by task complexity

  • State machine agents = zero LLM cost

  • Batched tool calls reduce round trips

Technology Stack

LayerTechnology
Agent FrameworkLangGraph 1.0, LangChain
Language ModelsClaude Sonnet 4.5, Claude Haiku 4.5
BackendPython 3.12, FastAPI
FrontendNext.js 15, TypeScript, React 19
InfrastructureGCP Cloud Run, Terraform
ObservabilityLangSmith, Sentry

Ready to Build Your Multi-Agent AI System?

Let's discuss how LangGraph and LangChain can power your next AI project.

Case Study Prepared by: Frenxt Consultancy

Date: January 2026 | Version: 1.0

*Based on a real production implementation.